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托福独立写作开头之背景争议法

　　主持人：张老师您好!关于托福独立写作如何写好你有什么好的建议?

　　张老师：主持人你好!作为一篇文章的开篇，独立写作开头重要性不言而喻，它决定着考官对你作文的第一印象以及有没有兴趣继续读下去。对于独立写作的开头，有一种方法非常好用，就是我们常说的“背景争议法”。

　　背景争议法之所以好用，是因为独立写作经常会涉及到“教育”“环境”“科技”等这些大的话题。这样一来我们就可以从大的社会背景切入，最后在落脚到题目的争议点上。相当于说，背景争议法“开口很大、收口很小”，在几句话中逐步缩小范围，直到最后提出自己的观点。因此，通过上面分析，我们可以看到，背景争议法有三个必备的要素：一是引题，提出社会背景;二是陈述正反方态度，提出争议点;最后是提出自己的观点。

　　下面，我们以一道题目为例来看看背景争议法的使用。

　　例：In order for a business to succeed, it must put more money in advertising.

　　开头：In the process of their expansion, many companies devote a lot of financial and human resources to advertisement so that they could gain more fame and popularity. (提出背景)As for the effects of advertisement, different people have different opinions. Some argue that a company must put more money in advertising in order to succeed while others disagree. (正反方态度)I strongly hold the belief that it’s not true that a business must invest more money in advertising to be successful because it depends.(自己观点)

　　通过上面这个例子，大家应该对背景争议法的具体使用有了一定了解。任何一个大点的话题，都可以说一两句有关背景，再说下不同人看法以及自己的观点。对于很多题目，它都非常易于套用，而且结构清晰，条理明白，尤其适合那些考试时时间不够、情绪紧张的学生，这也是背景争议法最大的优势。

　　为了更好地理解背景争议法，我们再通过下面这道题目练习一下。

　　题目：Government should focus its budgets more on environmental protection than on economic development.

　　开头：The economic achievements we have made in the past indicate that economic development often poses threats to environment.(背景) In order to maintain economic growth, some people think there is no choice but to sacrifice the benefits of environment. However, others oppose it for that they strongly hold the belief that environmental protection should be given the top priority. (正反方争议)As far as I’m concerned, I think it depends on specific situation to determine whether environmental protection deserves more governmental budgets than economic development or not.(自己观点)

　　为了在考场上更熟练地使用背景争议法，平时的准备就必不可少。下面给大家总结一下背景争议法常用的句型。

　　引题(背景)：

　　1. When it comes to+题目关键词, people’s opinions vary from person to person.

　　2. When it comes to/ refers to+题目关键词, the discussion of this issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come into vogue.

　　3. Nowadays, it is fiercely debated/ disputed that+ 主题.

　　4. With the considerable/ dramatic development of sth, an increasing number of + 主题 has aroused public concern.

　　5. Recently there is a popular debate that + 主题.

　　正反方态度：

　　1. Some people claim/ suggest/ present that··· while others argue/ advocate that···

　　2. Some people put/ hold that··· while others object to it.

　　3. Some people put/ hold that··· while a counter-argument presents that···

　　自己看法：

　　1. I’m convinced that···

　　2. I subscribe to the notion that···

　　3. I concede to the opinion that···

　　4. There is a considerable possibility to support that···

　　5. It is obvious/ conspicuous/ prominent that···

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