主持人:张老师,雅思阅读中的逻辑关系词有哪些?
张老师:逻辑关系词在雅思阅读解题中体现出两大功能 :
一、语意推断
语意推断主要是运用于重点题型之一的摘要题(Summary)。具体是指根据空格所在句及前后句的逻辑关系词,分析词语之间,句子之间的语意关系,推断出所缺单词的大致含义。此外,在考察作者意图的题中,一般很少有表述作者态度的动词,这时候逻辑关系可以帮助我们理解作者的真正意图。
二、定位
根据对历年真题的总结分析,雅思阅读考试的一个重要规律是:题干中的句子之间,词语之间的逻辑关系在原文中一般不变(但表现方式可能会变)。在一篇文章中,特别是在论证严密的雅思阅读文章中,不论名词、动词、形容词发生何种同义替换,逻辑关系连词的变化是非常少的。这一特点可以我们帮助定位信息,特别是在summary和判断题,或者这一规律使得逻辑关系词可以有效地协助题干关键词在原文中定位答案信息源。尤其在摘要题(Summary)中这一方法使用频率很高。
主持人:跟我们详细讲讲哪些关系对应的词有哪些?
张老师:主要有以下十种。
并列关系:
and, and also,
as well as, same……as, as……as
or, neither……nor, either……or,
not only……but also,
likewise, similarly, equally,
in the same way, that is to say,
递进关系
also, then, besides,
additionally, in addition,
furthermore, moreover, what is more,
indeed; actually, in fact
因果关系
because, because of,
for, since, as, to
as a result, for this reason;
thus, hence, therefore (也表总结)
so, so…..that, such…..that,
in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to,
on account of, considering that, given that, seeing that, in that, now that,
转折关系
but, however, yet,
contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast,
on the other hand, unfortunately;
让步关系
although, though, even though,
even if, even, nevertheless,
despite, in spite of, regardless of;
anyway, anyhow
列举(顺序)关系
first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally,
to begin with\ to continue,
first……then, on one hand……on the other hand,
for one thing……for another, one……another,
some……others……still others;
对比关系
while, whereas, as,
rather than, instead of,
not….. but;
时间关系
when, whenever,
before, after,
since, as, while,
until, till,
simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time; contemporary
条件关系
if, only if, if only,
unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as,
in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that,
given that, considering that,
when, whenever, with;
举例关系
such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them),
to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;
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